Among the most significant business developments in the last 40 years have been the rapid growth of international business and the proliferation of multinational and global firms. Although a number of companies have been engaged in this area for nearly a century, the explosive growth in the size and number of international firms is a recent phenomenon, as is the much closer central control exercised by managements. This growth has brought about a need for more managers who can function effectively in the international business environment. A separate field of study, international business, has evolved from an initial emphasis on international economics and now includes material from many disciplines. International business differs from its domestic counterpart in that it involves three environments rather than one. Although the kinds of forces are the same in the domestic and foreign environments, their values often differ. Changes in foreign environments are at times more difficult to assess.